{"id":792,"date":"2025-03-09T23:55:33","date_gmt":"2025-03-09T22:55:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vraneseviclaw.com\/?p=792"},"modified":"2025-03-09T23:55:34","modified_gmt":"2025-03-09T22:55:34","slug":"distinctive-features-of-branch-offices-q-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vraneseviclaw.com\/en\/distinctive-features-of-branch-offices-q-a\/","title":{"rendered":"Distinctive features of branch offices: Q &amp; A"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">We have previously written about branches and representative offices of foreign legal entities in this article: \u2018<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vraneseviclaw.com\/en\/distinctive-features-of-the-establishment-and-business-operation-of-representative-and-branch-offices-of-foreign-companies-in-the-republic-of-serbia\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Distinctive features of the establishment and business operation of representative and branch offices of foreign companies in the Republic of Serbia<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2019.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Now, through a few questions, we present an overview of current case law related to branches.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"TextRun SCXW227368111 BCX8\" lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" xml:lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW227368111 BCX8\">Can<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW227368111 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW227368111 BCX8\">branch<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW227368111 BCX8\"> be <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW227368111 BCX8\">convicted<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW227368111 BCX8\">for<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW227368111 BCX8\">an<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW227368111 BCX8\">economic<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW227368111 BCX8\">offense<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW227368111 BCX8\">?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW227368111 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Article 567 of the Company Law stipulates that a branch of a company is a separate organizational part of the company operating in the Republic of Serbia through which the company conducts its business. It does not have the status of a legal entity and acts in the name and on behalf of the company. The company is fully liable for the obligations towards third parties arising from the activities of its branch.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">If a branch does not have the status of a legal entity, can it be convicted for an economic offense? According to the decision of the Commercial Appellate Court Pk\u017e 178\/23 of February 21, 2024, it was determined that the first-instance judgment significantly violated the provisions of the procedure from Article 438, Paragraph 3 of the Criminal Procedure Code because the court improperly applied provisions of the Code related to the party status. The contested ruling was issued against the branch of the company, but the branch does not have the status of a legal entity and acts on behalf of the company. To proceed with the case, the indictment must correctly determine the accused legal entity.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In the decision of the Commercial Appellate Court Pk\u017e 286\/19 from August 6, 2020, it was determined that a branch does not have the status of a legal entity and cannot be treated as the accused legal entity in economic-criminal proceedings. Information about the branch may be significant for specifying the place and time of the offense, as well as other elements related to the factual description of the act, and possibly determining the person responsible for committing the economic offense.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"TextRun SCXW264255341 BCX8\" lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" xml:lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW264255341 BCX8\">Does<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264255341 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW264255341 BCX8\">branch<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW264255341 BCX8\">of<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264255341 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW264255341 BCX8\">foreign<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264255341 BCX8\"> legal <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW264255341 BCX8\">entity<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW264255341 BCX8\">have<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW264255341 BCX8\">party<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW264255341 BCX8\">capacity<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW264255341 BCX8\">?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW264255341 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This issue was addressed in the decision of the Commercial Appellate Court P\u017e 765\/21 from June 10, 2021. Since a branch of a foreign legal entity does not have the status of a legal entity, if the defendant in a lawsuit is indicated as the branch, the court must first decide on the defendant\u2019s status\u2014whether the branch of the legal entity is recognized as a party in the sense prescribed by Article 74, Paragraph 4 of the Civil Procedure Law.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Although the branch of a foreign legal entity does not have the status of a legal entity, the provision of Article 74, Paragraph 4 of the Civil Procedure Law allows the court to recognize party status for forms of organization that do not have party capacity if it determines that, considering the subject of the dispute, they meet essential conditions to acquire party capacity, especially if they own property that can be enforced.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"TextRun SCXW251887644 BCX8\" lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" xml:lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW251887644 BCX8\">Can<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW251887644 BCX8\">bankruptcy<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251887644 BCX8\"> be <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW251887644 BCX8\">initiated<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW251887644 BCX8\">against<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251887644 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW251887644 BCX8\">branch<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW251887644 BCX8\">of<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251887644 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW251887644 BCX8\">foreign<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251887644 BCX8\"> legal <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW251887644 BCX8\">entity<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW251887644 BCX8\">?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW251887644 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\" lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" xml:lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\">As <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">stated<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> in <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">decision<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">of<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">Commercial<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">Appellate<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">Court<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">Pv\u017e<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> 111\/21 from August 15, 2021, a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">branch<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">of<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> a legal <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">entity<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">does<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">not<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">have<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">the<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> status <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">of<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> a legal <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">entity<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\">, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">including<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">foreign<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> legal <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">entity<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\">. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">Therefore<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\">, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">bankruptcy<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">proceedings<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">cannot<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> be <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">initiated<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">against<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">branch<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">of<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SpellingErrorHighlight SCXW220495864 BCX8\">foreign<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> legal <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">entity<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\">. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">The<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">court<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">determined<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">that<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">first<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\">-instance <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">court<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">correctly<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">noted<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">that<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">provisions<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">of<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">Bankruptcy<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">Law<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">related<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">international<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">bankruptcy<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\">, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">when<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">it<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">concerns<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">secondary<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">bankruptcy<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> procedure, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">stipulate<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">that<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">proposal<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">for<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">recognition<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">of<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">foreign<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> procedure <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">must<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">first<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> be <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">submitted<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\">. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">The<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">main<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">bankruptcy<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> procedure is <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">assumed<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">have<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">already<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">been<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">initiated<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">against<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">parent<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">company<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">abroad<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\">, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">and<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">after<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">recognition<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">of<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">main<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">foreign<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> procedure, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">the<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> procedure <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">can<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> be <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">carried<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">out<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">liquidate<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">debtor\u2019s<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">assets<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\"> in <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">Republic<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">of<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW220495864 BCX8\">Serbia<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW220495864 BCX8\">.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW220495864 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"TextRun SCXW5376901 BCX8\" lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" xml:lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">Does<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">the<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW5376901 BCX8\"> Personal Data <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">Protection<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">Law<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">apply<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW5376901 BCX8\"> to <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">processing<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">of<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW5376901 BCX8\"> personal data <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">carried<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">out<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">by<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW5376901 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">branch<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">or<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">representative<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">office<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">of<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW5376901 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">foreign<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">controller<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">or<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">processor<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">that<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">does<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">not<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">have<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">its<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">headquarters<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW5376901 BCX8\"> in <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">Republic<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">of<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">Serbia<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW5376901 BCX8\">, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">and<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">where<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">conditions<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">for<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">applying<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">Article<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW5376901 BCX8\"> 3, <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">Paragraph<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW5376901 BCX8\"> 4 <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">of<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">Law<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW5376901 BCX8\"> are <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">not<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW5376901 BCX8\">met<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW5376901 BCX8\">?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW5376901 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">When a foreign legal entity, through its branch or representative office in the Republic of Serbia, processes personal data, the Personal Data Protection Law applies. This is stated in Publication No. 6: &#8220;Personal Data Protection: Opinions and Views of the Commissioner&#8221; (No. 071-01-982\/2021-03).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Although neither the branch nor the representative office has the status of a controller or processor of personal data, as this status belongs to the legal entity of which the branch or representative office is a part, this does not mean that the Personal Data Protection Law does not apply. According to the Commissioner\u2019s publication, to ensure the realization of the right to personal data protection in Serbia, the concept of &#8220;headquarters&#8221; used in the Personal Data Protection Law must be interpreted in the context of Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 of the European Parliament and Council of April 27, 2016, on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and the free movement of such data. As mentioned in Recital 22 of the Regulation, the &#8216;headquarters&#8217; refers to the effective and real conduct of activity through stable arrangements, regardless of the legal form of these arrangements. The same conclusion is stated in the guidelines of the European Data Protection Board No. 3\/2018 on the territorial application of the Regulation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Therefore, if a foreign legal entity, through its branch or representative office in the Republic of Serbia, processes personal data, our Personal Data Protection Law applies. This is further mentioned in Article 95, Paragraphs 5 and 7, which prescribes that the responsible person in the representative office or business unit of a foreign legal entity can be penalized for violations stated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 of the same article.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"TextRun SCXW218525189 BCX8\" lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" xml:lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">If<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW218525189 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">party<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW218525189 BCX8\"> in <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">proceedings<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW218525189 BCX8\"> is a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">foreign<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW218525189 BCX8\"> legal <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">entity<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">with<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW218525189 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">branch<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW218525189 BCX8\"> in <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">Serbia<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW218525189 BCX8\">, is <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">service<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">of<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">process<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">performed<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW218525189 BCX8\"> at <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">branch\u2019s<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">address<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">or<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">address<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">of<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">foreign<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW218525189 BCX8\"> legal <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">entity\u2019s<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW218525189 BCX8\">headquarters<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW218525189 BCX8\">?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW218525189 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The answer to this question can be found in the answers and questions of the Commercial Courts established during a session of the Commercial Appellate Court&#8217;s Department for Commercial Disputes held on November 19-20, 2019, and during a session of the Department for Economic Offenses on November 20, 2019.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Although Article 133, Paragraph 3 of the Civil Procedure Law stipulates that service of process to foreign legal entities with a representative office in Serbia can be made to their representative office, this provision is interpreted to mean that service of process to foreign legal entities with a branch in Serbia can be made to the branch. A branch does not have the status of a legal entity, so it acts on behalf of and for the account of the company; the branch\u2019s representative, registered according to the law, is considered the representative of the entire company.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"TextRun SCXW32282475 BCX8\" lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" xml:lang=\"SR-LATN-RS\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32282475 BCX8\">Is <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">court<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">of<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">Republic<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">of<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">Serbia<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">competent<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32282475 BCX8\"> in a dispute <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">between<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">two<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">foreign<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32282475 BCX8\"> legal <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">entities<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">if<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">the<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">defendant<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">has<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32282475 BCX8\"> a <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">registered<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">branch<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32282475 BCX8\"> in <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">Serbia<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">and<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">the<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32282475 BCX8\"> dispute <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">concerns<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">obligations<\/span> <span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">arising<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32282475 BCX8\"> in <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW32282475 BCX8\">Serbia<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW32282475 BCX8\">?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW32282475 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In the decision of the Commercial Appellate Court P\u017e 1845\/19, the competence of the court of the Republic of Serbia was confirmed in the case, in accordance with Article 55 of the Law on Resolving Conflicts of Laws with the Laws of Other Countries. In this case, the dispute concerned obligations arising in Serbia, and the defendant had a registered branch in Serbia that created the obligation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Commercial Appellate Court ruled that to establish the competence of the court of the Republic of Serbia, in accordance with Article 55 of the Law on Resolving Conflicts of Laws with the Laws of Other Countries, it is not a condition that the plaintiff is a resident or a domestic legal entity. The branch represents a stronger form of commercial presence than a representative office, so the first-instance court correctly concluded that the objection to the existence of the court\u2019s competence in the Republic of Serbia was unfounded.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Note: This text does not constitute legal advice but reflects the personal opinion of the author.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We have previously written about branches and representative offices of foreign legal entities in this article: \u2018Distinctive features of the establishment and business operation of representative and branch offices of foreign companies in the Republic of Serbia\u2019.\u00a0 Now, through a few questions, we present an overview of current case law<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":789,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[376,377,633,117,156,130,22,192],"class_list":["post-792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-attorney-belgrade","tag-attorney-serbia","tag-branch-office","tag-company-law","tag-competition-law","tag-contract-law","tag-corporate-law","tag-representative-office"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Distinctive features of branch offices: Q &amp; 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