{"id":833,"date":"2025-05-20T17:22:29","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T15:22:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vraneseviclaw.com\/?p=833"},"modified":"2025-05-20T17:22:30","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T15:22:30","slug":"the-legal-side-of-fashion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vraneseviclaw.com\/en\/the-legal-side-of-fashion\/","title":{"rendered":"The legal side of fashion"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In recent years, fashion law has emerged as a dynamic area of legal practice. Despite multiple legal branches having influenced the fashion industry for decades, legal scholarship was slower in adopting an interest in fashion, usually treating fashion law as a subfield of intellectual property (IP). <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">As defined by the Fashion Law Institute at Fordham University in New York, fashion law presents the legal substance of style, including all the issues that may arise through the life of a garment, starting with the designer\u2019s original idea and continuing all the way to the consumer\u2019s closet.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">While the IP might be the fashion law\u2019s signature look, this field consists of a wider variety of legal issues as well as business and ethical elements that underpin legal developments. The term was coined by Professor Susan Scafidi who considered four main pillars of fashion law- intellectual property, business and finance; international commerce and governmental regulation; safety and sustainability; consumer culture and civil rights.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"TextRun SCXW91049798 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW91049798 BCX8\">The importance of IP protection and relevant case law<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW91049798 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Intellectual property (IP) law is one of the main elements of the fashion industry\u2019s legal structure. Divergent types of IP rights may apply to products in the fashion industry, from copyright over registered and unregistered design to trademarks and trade secrets. The majority of IP rights can be employed to safeguard facets of products at different life cycle phases,<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Let\u2019s take a look at several cases. For example, in the trademark dispute between the singer Katy Perry and Australian fashion designer Katie Taylor in the case <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Taylor v Killer Queen LLC (No 5) (2023) FCA 364, <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">the Full Federal Court has overturned the first instance decision. Katy Perry relied on the defense for using her name in good faith. The Full Federal Court ordered the cancellation of Taylor\u2019s Katie Perry mark on two bases- that Perry had a reputation at the time Taylor\u2019s application was originally filed such that consumer confusion was likely to happen, and that Taylor was aware of Perry\u2019s international reputation at the time of filing the application. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">In 2024, Chanel succeeded in a six-year-long legal process against the luxury reseller What Goes Around Comes Around. The trademark infringement case was first filed in 2018 by the French fashion house, and in 2024 a New York jury voted in favor on all four counts- trademark infringement and unfair competition based on a false association; trademark infringement based on the sale of infringing Chanel branded products and the use of various hashtags; sale of counterfeit Chanel branded products; and false advertising (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Chanel, Inc. v. What Comes Around Goes Around LLC, 1:18-cv-02253, (S.D.N.Y.))<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Back in 2022, the Italian Supreme Court issued a decision on the protection of the shape of the <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Herm\u00e8s \u2018Birkin\u2019 and \u2018Kelly\u2019 handbags as three-dimensional trademarks (the Birkin and Kelly handbags have gained widespread popularity and a reputation as a highly sought good due to their lenghty waiting lists, craftmanship and high prices). In this case,Herm\u00e8s International s.c.p.a. &amp; Co. (Herm\u00e8s) argued that a company called Buti di Buti Amerigo &amp; C s.a.s. &amp; Co. (Buti) was a company attempting to market unauthorized copies of Hermes Kelly and Birkin bags. The Italian Supreme Court annulled the decision of the lower courts on two grounds; the Supreme Cort disagreed with the reasoning of the Court of Appeal and stated that registered trademarks have a presumption of distinctiveness, adding that it is up to whoever claimed their nullity to demonstrate that they don\u2019t meet the distinctive requirements. Secondly, the Italian Supreme Court disagreed with the opinion of the lower courts stating that there was an absence of distinctive character in these goods since they have failed to explain why the shapes featuring the models of the goods were stripped of distinctiveness. Additionally, the Supreme Court specified that the assessment of secondary meaning can be made through opinion polls obtained ex officio by the judge through a technical consultancy, but since they are not binding, it is up to the judge to evaluate other traits, such as the unconventional character of the trademark.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">In its judgment Prev. 265\/15, the Supreme Court of Cassation of Serbia established that a well-known trademark is a mark that is unquestionably recognized among participants in the market in the Republic of Serbia as a sign of high reputation and, as such, enjoys extended protection\u2014meaning protection for all goods and services, not just those for which it is registered. When determining whether a trademark is well-known, the awareness of the relevant public is taken into account, including recognition gained through the promotion of the mark. The relevant public includes potential consumers of the goods or services marked by the trademark, as well as individuals involved in the distribution channels of those goods or services.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Well-known trademarks enjoy extended protection to prevent dilution of the mark. By using highly similar signs in its name and on its premises\u2014signs that clearly evoke associations with the plaintiff\u2019s well-known trademarks\u2014the defendant unfairly benefited from the reputation established by the plaintiff.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"TextRun SCXW62669032 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW62669032 BCX8\">The necessity of contracts<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW62669032 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">It goes without saying the lifecycle of any product within the fashion industry needs to be accompanies with an extensive set of agreements concluded between all participants and intermediaries (from designers and vendors to marketing, outsourcing and e-commerce intermediaries).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">One way to overcome legal challenges in the fashion world is by using clear contracts that define terms both sides agree on. A good example is franchising, which has played a major role in helping fashion brands expand and grow their businesses globally, just as it has in other industries. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">This has resulted in a bigger implementation of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vraneseviclaw.com\/en\/the-franchise-agreement\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">franchise agreements<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> including relevant non-compete clauses. To learn more about franchise agreements, take a look at this article: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vraneseviclaw.com\/en\/key-considerations-when-signing-a-franchising-agreement\/\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Key considerations when drafting a franchise agreement<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Here\u2019s another example\u2014today, digital marketing by social media influencers is more common than ever. To ensure legal protection, parties can use what are known as influencer agreements. If you\u2019re interested in finding out more about influencer contracts, take a look at this article: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vraneseviclaw.com\/en\/influencer-contract-what-how-why\/\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Influencer contract- What, how, why?.<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">As mentioned, most of these agreements with intermediaries include non-compete clauses or exclusivity clauses- while drafting these clauses, it is important not to overlook compliance with relevant legislation.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"TextRun SCXW167860286 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW167860286 BCX8\">S<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW167860286 BCX8\">ustainability requirements<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW167860286 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The product design stage refers to the stage where all necessary components are selected (e.g. material, dye)- this is also the point in time where a manufacturer is able to make environmentally conscious decisions regarding the environmental impact of the product. For example, the EU\u2019s Eco-design for Sustainable Products Regulations (the ESPR) came into force in 2024. The novel regulation applies to those that sell, supply or distribute products into the EU as well as online retailers offering products for sale in the EU. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Looking from the supply chain perspective, the main piece of legislation coming out of the EU is the new Corporate Sustainability Directive (the CSDDD) that mandates companies to conduct human rights and environmental due diligence on their operations as well as report on their efforts. The scope of this Directive includes large EU companies as well as non-EU companies conducting significant business within the EU. The due diligence will need to be on a continuing basis and monitored regularly as well as risk-based (the need to identify and address the most severe risks appropriately).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For more information, read this article: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vraneseviclaw.com\/en\/esg-standards-in-2024-whats-happening\/\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">ESG standards in 2024- What&#8217;s happening?<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"TextRun SCXW101456623 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW101456623 BCX8\">Consumer protection<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW101456623 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Compliance with consumer protection laws is an essential element. Consumer protection laws mandate products to meet safety standards to safeguard consumers from harm as well as provide clear return and refund policies.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">On the other hand, brands need to comply with advertising obligations to prevent false or misleading claims about their products. The intersection of consumer protection and fashion law highlights the need for strict regulatory compliance. For example, misleading endorsements through social media channels could result in legal repercussions. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"TextRun SCXW255677408 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW255677408 BCX8\">The role of data protection in the fashion industry<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW255677408 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The fashion industry relies on consumer data for marketing purposes; thereby, a need for strict data protection measures is present. The General Data Protection Regulation applies to companies within the EU, and those that target EU consumers, while in Serbia the Data Protection Act governs the collection and use of personal information.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For fashion companies data protection compliance is critical, especially when it comes down to using customer data for marketing purposes. Apart from the need for obtaining informed consent before collecting data, individuals have certain rights prescribed by data protection regulations.Failure to comply with data protection regulations can result in severe penalties.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">For example, back in 2020, the fashion company H&amp;M was fined $35.3 million by the Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information for violating the GDPR in a case involving the mishandling of employee data. The investigation revealed that the company breached several principles such as informed consent, excessive data collection and lack of data protection. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"TextRun SCXW180495943 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW180495943 BCX8\">A foray into blockchain<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW180495943 BCX8\"> technology<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW180495943 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW56804346 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW56804346 BCX8\">Counterfeiting <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW56804346 BCX8\">remains<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW56804346 BCX8\"> a major issue in the fashion industry, with fake products saturating markets. Blockchain offers a solution by verifying authenticity and securing product identity. In 2023, Dior launched B33 sneakers, each paired with an NFT on Ethereum. These NFTs are <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW56804346 BCX8\">linked<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW56804346 BCX8\"> to encrypted certificates of authenticity and production details. However, owning an NFT <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW56804346 BCX8\">doesn&#8217;t<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW56804346 BCX8\"> always mean owning the actual item. In Dior&#8217;s case, the NFT <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW56804346 BCX8\">represented<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW56804346 BCX8\"> the physical sneakers. Brands and consumers alike should carefully review terms before engaging with NFTs to understand what rights are <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun AdvancedProofingIssueV2Themed SCXW56804346 BCX8\">actually transferred<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW56804346 BCX8\">.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW56804346 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW95819131 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW95819131 BCX8\">Note: This text <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW95819131 BCX8\">does not constitute<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW95819131 BCX8\"> legal advice but reflects the <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun AdvancedProofingIssueV2Themed SCXW95819131 BCX8\">personal opinion<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW95819131 BCX8\"> of the author<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW95819131 BCX8\">.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW95819131 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW95819131 BCX8\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"EOP SCXW95819131 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:240,&quot;335559740&quot;:279}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In recent years, fashion law has emerged as a dynamic area of legal practice. Despite multiple legal branches having influenced the fashion industry for decades, legal scholarship was slower in adopting an interest in fashion, usually treating fashion law as a subfield of intellectual property (IP). \u00a0 As defined by<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":831,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[376,686,687,377,117,156,130,22,690,691,685,689,688,692,693],"class_list":["post-833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-attorney-belgrade","tag-attorney-for-fashion","tag-attorney-for-fashion-law","tag-attorney-serbia","tag-company-law","tag-competition-law","tag-contract-law","tag-corporate-law","tag-fashion-and-blockchain","tag-fashion-and-data-protection","tag-fashion-law","tag-law-firm-for-brands","tag-law-firm-for-fashion","tag-sustainability","tag-trademark-protection"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The legal side of fashion - Law firm Vranesevic Grbic 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